Consolidation of the Sovereign Model: institutional reforms and the formation of a foreign policy contour Short description: In November-December 2025, Russia implemented a number of systemic political and legal steps aimed at strengthening domestic sovereignty and reorienting foreign policy relations. The key events were the reform of the Supreme Court to exclude references to the
«The Crisis of the Pan‑American Model and the Transformation of Regional Leadership» Summary: The article examines key geopolitical events in North America for October–November 2025. The period was marked by profound geopolitical shifts in North America, where the US plans to conduct military operations against Mexican drug cartels triggered an acute crisis in relations with
Since its inception, the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has emerged as a significant platform for developing countries seeking to diversify their economic relations and strengthen their financial systems against Western influence. Over the years, member countries have advanced in building their own financial architecture, with a clear vision of decentralization