06.12.2025

Koldo Salazar López

BRICS Pay: Financial Architecture, Decentralized Systems, and Trade Geopolitics at the IMBRICS Forum in Saint Petersburg

Since its founding, the BRICS international association (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has become an important platform for developing countries seeking

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Western Sahara: The Pending Self-Determination at the Heart of the UN

Brief description: The article examines the unresolved international status of Western Sahara within the United Nations system, where the Sahrawi people’s right to

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BRICS and Latin America: IMBRICS Experience

Short Description: The article by Koldo Salazar examines the deepening cooperation between BRICS countries and Latin American states following the IMBRICS Forum 2025.

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BRICS Pay: Financial Architecture, Decentralized Systems, and Trade Geopolitics at the IMBRICS Forum in Saint Petersburg

Since its inception, the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has emerged as a significant platform for developing countries seeking

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Uzbekistan–UN: A Partnership for a Sustainable Future

On September 24, 2025, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev took part in the 80th anniversary session of the UN General Assembly in New

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John Bolton: I didn’t see any sign of Marxist, jihadist or Iranians in West Sahara

John Bolton, a diplomat and former National Security Advisor of the United States, is known for his firm stance on foreign policy. Although

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Międzymorze, Polish geopolitics in Eastern Europe

Poland has always been a country with a rich yet turbulent history, from being a strong and powerful state during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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Nepal: Opportunities Through Transit Agreements and Port Development 

Nepal, a landlocked mountainous country, faces a significant challenge in its economic development due to its reliance on trade through neighboring countries’ ports.

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The Baltic Sea: A Hot Spot Between NATO and Russia 

When NATO was created, its goal was to coordinate and respond to a Soviet aggression against any member of the Atlantic Alliance; similarly,

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The Ring of Fire against Russia, from the Arctic to the Caspian

Contemporary geopolitics has been profoundly influenced by the rivalry between the United States and Russia, a confrontation that has intensified in various regions

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